Charles Koch：

00:05:15,438 --> 00:05:27,412

Well it happened, because I discovered at an early age, I didn't think I was much good at anything and but my father did bit me a big favor,

好吧，因为我从小就发现，我觉得我不擅长任何东西，但是我父亲确实帮了我一个大忙，

00:05:28,165 --> 00:05:31,748

he had me working in all my spare time from the time I was six,

从我六岁起，他就让我在业余时间工作，

00:05:32,839 --> 00:05:43,454

because he announced he didn't want his sons to be country-club bombs, he wanted us to feel grateful for everything and entitled to nothing,

因为他声称他不希望他的儿子们成为乡村俱乐部游手好闲之人，他希望我们感激所拥有的一切，不要觉得天生有权享有所有的东西，

00:05:44,405 --> 00:05:48,188

and and for whatever reason…

不管出于什么原因…

Peter Robinson：

00:05:48,741 --> 00:05:51,108

When you say working, he didn't give you some cushy office job in the company

你说到工作，他没有在公司给你安排一些轻松的办公室工作吗？

Charles Koch：

00:05:51,533 --> 00:05:56,021

No, no, no, not at particularly at age six, I started out digging dandelions,

不，不，不，六岁时没有，我开始挖蒲公英，

00:05:56,837 --> 00:06:04,805

and when I say dig dandelions, you know, pull them out, you dig down and you have to get the entire root or they'll come right back.

我说挖蒲公英，你知道的，把他们拉出来，你得深挖，你得把整个根部拔起来，否则他们会缩回去。

00:06:05,710 --> 00:06:11,164

And I remember there was a club and a swimming pool across the street from us,

我记得在街对面有一个俱乐部和游泳池,

00:06:11,997 --> 00:06:22,388

and I'm out there in a 105 degree heat digging these, and I could hear my friends, my little six year old friends, they're swimming and jumping off the diving board,

我在105华氏度的高温下挖这些蒲公英，我能听到我的朋友们，我六岁的小伙伴们，他们正在游泳，从跳板上跳下来。

00:06:22,829 --> 00:06:27,405

and I could recognize each one squeal, with different level of joy

我能听出每一声尖叫，其高兴程度都不一样。

00:06:27,845 --> 00:06:33,470

and I'm thinking why does my father hate me and their fathers love them.

我在想，为什么我的父亲恨我，他们的父亲爱他们呢。

00:06:34,749 --> 00:06:42,421

I found out that if you don't, and then I, of course, graduated to shoveling out stalls and milking cows,

我发现如果你不，然后我，当然，毕业出来铲档、挤奶，

00:06:44,173 --> 00:06:48,630

and that doesn't sound like much work, but it's it's hard work,

这听起来不太像工作，但这是一项艰苦的工作，

00:06:49,165 --> 00:06:57,557

so I would milk cows before school and then again after school I milk our cows and digging postholes and all these things,

我上学之前挤奶，放学后给我们的奶牛挤奶，挖柱洞，做一些其他的事情，

00:06:58,285 --> 00:07:14,117

but I discovered that much later that if you don't learn to do dirty jobs, if you don't learn unpleasant work, you by the time you're in your 30s, you never learned to work productively,

但后来我发现，如果你不学做些脏活，如果你不学做一些不愉快的工作，当你30多岁的时候，你就不知道如何卓有成效地工作，

00:07:14,973 --> 00:07:20,149

and so he was doing me a huge favor, so it was beyond the work ethic

所以他给了我很大的帮助，是职业道德之外的帮助。

00:07:20,989 --> 00:07:26,228

it taught you how to work productively, and how to work with others in mutual benefit.

它教你如何有效地工作，教你如何与他人合作、互惠互利。

00:07:27,861 --> 00:07:35,884

For example if a group of you during a dirty job, you don't try to stick it to them, make them do more, then they'll try to do it to you, and the work goes on and on,

例如，如果一群人在一起干脏活，你不要妄想让他们多干一些，否则他们也会设法让你多干一些，这样工作就永远干不完了，

00:07:36,597 --> 00:07:40,486

you want to work together, to get it done as efficiently as possible,

你们想一起工作，尽可能高效地完成工作

00:07:41,085 --> 00:07:49,661

you want to understand who your customer is, how do, what if my customer want, what I want to see value, I’d better do this the right way, or all I have to do it again.

你想知道你的客户是谁，怎么样，我的客户想要什么，我想看到什么价值，我最好以正确的方法去做，否则我必须再做一次。

00:07:50,461 --> 00:07:56,909

So you learn tremendous number of lessons in doing these dirty jobs.

这样你在干这些脏活时学到了很多教训。

00:07:57,430 --> 00:08:08,060

So that's that was the starting point, and then I learned I didn't think I was much good at anything, and I didn't, and the other thing you learn is you don't want to do that the rest of your life.

这就是起点，后来我知道，我认为我什么也不擅长，我没有，而你学到的另一件事就是：你不想一辈子都做那件事。

00:08:08,773 --> 00:08:18,660

So you’d better find some aptitude or something, so you can do something that's more satisfying and fulfilling to yourself, it is not as unpleasant.

所以你最好找点天赋或者其他的东西，这样你就可以做一些让自己更满意、更充实的事情，而不是讨厌干的事情。

00:08:19,429 --> 00:08:27,894

So I didn't find much any good, then at third grade I found the teacher was putting math problems on the board,

我没有找到我擅长做的事，后来读第三年级的时候，我发现老师把把数学题写到黑板上，

00:08:28,701 --> 00:08:31,413

and I asked why is she doing that, the answers are obvious,

我问她为什么要这么做，答案显而易见，

00:08:32,669 --> 00:08:37,325

and I know it wasn't obvious to the other kids, oh my god I have an aptitude,

后来我才知道这对其他孩子来说并不简单，我的天啊，原来我有天赋，

00:08:38,925 --> 00:08:50,437

so from then on everything I did was the easy way out, in that I'm gonna take more math and more science, and logic and things that I'm good at,

从那时起，我尽量用简单的方法做每一件事，我要学习更多的数学、更多的科学、逻辑以及其他我擅长的学科，

00:08:51,157 --> 00:08:54,741

and try to minimize having to do the things I'm no good at.

尽量少做我不擅长的事情。

00:08:55,318 --> 00:09:03,005

so I went to MIT where the language is primarily math not English, because I was so much better at math than English,

所以我去麻省理工学院读书，那里的语言主要是数学而不是英语，因为我的数学比英语要好很多，

00:09:04,013 --> 00:09:07,741

and even though I took got all these engineering degrees at MIT

尽管我在麻省理工学院拿到了这些工程学学位

Peter Robinson：

00:09:08,965 --> 00:09:14,861

anyway it's worth noting, you got your undergraduate degree in engineering at MIT, you got a masters,

无论如何，值得一提的是，你在麻省理工学院获得了工程学学士学位、硕士学位，

00:09:15,693 --> 00:09:20,037

correct me if I'm wrong, but as I recall you've got a master's in mechanical engineer,

如果我错了，请纠正我，但我记得你取得了机械工程师硕士学位，

Charles Koch：

nuclear engineering

核工程硕士学位

Peter Robinson：

00:09:20,709 --> 00:09:25,605

nuclear engineering, and then you got a second master's in chemical engineering

核工程硕士学位，后来你又取得了化学工程的第二个硕士学位

00:09:26,717 --> 00:09:34,260

so one, two, three MIT degrees in engineering, it's amazing you retain the facility to speak English.

你取得了一、二、三个麻省理工学院的工程学学位，令人惊讶的是，你仍然保留了说英语的能力。

Charles Koch：

00:09:34,877 --> 00:09:38,332

Well yes that's true, well I had, I had to relearn that,

是的，这是真的，我不得不重新学习英语，

00:09:39,021 --> 00:09:50,708

but but even though I took all these engineering degrees, really what I maximized my time on was courses in math and science,

但是，尽管我拿到了这些工程学学位，但我大部分时间都花在数学和科学课程，

00:09:51,501 --> 00:09:56,036

because I was much better than at that and the application of the principles

因为我比较擅长那方面，原理的运用。

00:09:57,677 --> 00:10:03,221

so and that may be one reason I got one in Nuclear Engineering, because it was mainly science,

这可能是我取得核工程学位的一个原因，因为它主要涉及科学，

00:10:04,733 --> 00:10:10,613

and then I also thought it was a new field, this is the way energy is going to go,

此外，我以为这是一个新的领域，这是能源的发展方向，

00:10:11,071 --> 00:10:12,821

so there'll be entrepreneurial opportunities。

将会有一些。

00:10:13,605 --> 00:10:21,556

And when I got in and I realized because of all the safety concerns, it's going to be controlled by the government, and it's not going to be so,

当我进入这个领域，我意识到，出于安全考虑，它将由政府控制，不是想象的那样。

00:10:22,310 --> 00:10:26,149

I went back in and got a degree in Chemical Engineering.

我又回到学校，攻读化学工程学位。